Aprendizaje automático para el análisis cross-plataforma de la comunicación política: Gobierno y oposición argentinos en Facebook, Instagram y Twitter
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https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.55.52631Palabras clave:
redes sociales, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Argentina, política, procesamiento del lenguaje natural, modelado de tópicosResumen
Este artículo indaga acerca de la comunicación política en las distintas plataformas, aplicando métodos de las ciencias de datos para analizar similitudes y diferencias entre las publicaciones en Facebook, Instagram y Twitter de 50 políticos argentinos durante 2020. Es un estudio pionero en la región entre los trabajos cross-plataformas y sus objetivos son heurísticos y metodológicos. En relación a lo primero, se demuestra que hay estrategias diferentes según las plataformas: Twitter es el terreno de controversias e interpelaciones entre los políticos y allí la toxicidad es recompensada, mientras que en Facebook e Instagram los políticos despliegan los tópicos en los que parecen considerarse más fuertes. Así, el estudio cross-plataformas permite observar que aun en un contexto polarizado como el argentino existen temas comunes y sin polémicas entre sectores opuestos. En lo metodológico, utilizamos métodos novedosos e implementamos un reciente algoritmo de detección de tópicos, aplicamos análisis de sentimiento con el objetivo de entender si son textos positivos o negativos, y redes neuronales profundas para medir la toxicidad, entre otros. El artículo pone a disposición la caja de herramientas desarrolladas durante la investigación, las que pueden ser de utilidad para trabajar corpus de texto de gran magnitud.
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