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Articles

Vol. 43 No. 3 (2023)

Clientelism and electoral competition: The case of Chile’s municipalities

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2023005000120
Submitted
November 27, 2023
Published
2023-12-28 — Updated on 2024-04-23
Versions

Abstract

Patronage is often considered a subtype of clientelism that arises through recipro­cal arrangements between a politician and a citizen, where electoral support is rewarded with public employment. In Chile, there is evidence of clientelist practices at the municipal level. However, these studies have mainly had a qualitative focus. To complement these studies, this research aims to provide quantitative evidence using panel data and two-way fixed effects. Thus, we analyze the personnel hiring through the Mercado Público platform between 2009 and 2017 across the country’s 345 municipalities, finding evidence that supports two hypotheses: (i) there is a political budget cycle, increasing spending by 14.9% during the election year and (ii) independent politicians spend less on hiring people than mayors who are militants of political parties, being this expenditure -9.8% less for independents than for the latter. These results seek to complement other research on clientelism and patronage in the context of the rise of independent politicians and citizen ques­tioning of traditional political parties, as well as the relevance of public spending in local governments.