Scholars have suggested that electoral systems should be designed to promote (1) fair representation of parties, (2) good governmental performance and/or (3) adequate local representation. These three criteria pertain to three different kinds of accountability—the accountability of parties to their supporters; the accountability of governments to their citizens; and the accountability of MPs to their supporters—which cannot be simultaneously maximized. In this essay, I discuss each criterion in the abstract and with specific reference to the current Chilean electoral system and proposals to reform it.